For those who cannot take an oath due to religious or philosophical reasons, what is the alternative?

The correct alternative for those who cannot take an oath due to religious or philosophical reasons is an affirmation. An affirmation serves as a solemn and formal declaration that does not invoke a deity, allowing individuals with certain beliefs to commit to truthfulness in legal or official contexts. This option is designed to respect the diverse beliefs held by individuals, ensuring that everyone can participate in the legal process while still affirming their commitment to honesty and integrity.

Affirmation carries the same legal weight as an oath, ensuring the integrity of the testimony or statement made by the individual. It acknowledges the individual's personal beliefs while fulfilling the requirements of the legal system, thereby promoting inclusivity.