What is an important characteristic of a condenser microphone?

A condenser microphone is recognized for its requirement of phantom power to operate. This is a key characteristic because condenser microphones generally utilize a capacitor to convert sound waves into electrical signals, and this process necessitates an external power source to maintain the polarization of the diaphragm within the microphone. Phantom power typically ranges from 12 to 48 volts and is often supplied via audio interfaces or mixing consoles, enabling the microphone to function correctly and capture sound with a higher sensitivity and fidelity.

In contrast to dynamic microphones, which do not require external power and are generally more robust and less sensitive, condenser microphones are favored for their ability to capture nuanced sound details, making them ideal for studio recordings and vocal applications where clarity is paramount. The other characteristics listed, such as directionality or outdoor recording suitability, may apply to specific models but are not defining traits of all condenser microphones, making the requirement for phantom power the most significant aspect in this context.